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The Theory of Rational Addictions, by Gary Becker & Kevin Murphy (1988), was a rational choice model that became a standard tool for economists modeling addictive behavior. The approach differs from other theories of addiction by modeling addictive behavior as the gradual implementation of a rational, forward‐looking plan, where consumption at any point in time is partly motivated by the immediate...
Background and Aims
Many people who use drugs (PWUD) are coerced into receiving treatment. This study aimed to assess changes in substance use and related outcomes before versus after treatment in people coerced into treatment, voluntarily attending treatment or not attending treatment.
Design
Data from three linked prospective cohort studies of PWUD were used. McNemar's test and non‐linear growth...
Aim
To assess the impact of UK specialist and primary care‐based stop smoking support on socio‐economic inequalities in cessation.
Methods
Systematic review and narrative synthesis, with a national equity analysis of stop smoking services (SSS). Ten bibliographic databases were searched for studies of any design, published since 2012, which evaluated specialist or primary care‐based stop smoking...
Background
Pre‐clinical research involving non‐human animals has made important contributions to our understanding of risk factors for addiction, neuroadaptations that follow chronic drug exposure and to the development of some efficacious pharmacotherapies for addiction. Despite these contributions, we argue that animal models of addiction have impeded progress in our understanding of addiction...
Psychostimulants are a diverse range of substances that encompass cocaine and the phenylethylamines, the latter including the amphetamines, cathinones and some ‘novel psychoactive substances’. This paper examines the range of pathophysiological processes, clinical presentations and treatment options involving the heart and cardiovascular system both in the acute setting and where long‐term effects...
Background and Aims
Alcohol use and marijuana use tend to be social activities among adolescents. Some youth use alcohol or marijuana while alone. This article provides a framework for examining the risk factors for and consequences of solitary alcohol and marijuana use, grounded in a motivational model that emphasizes coping with negative emotions, and provides the first systematic review of research...
Background and aims
Varenicline effectiveness may be related to the level of adherence, which might be reduced by adverse effects such as nausea. The aim of the study was to test a possible effect of nausea on smoking cessation outcomes mediated by adherence.
Design
Mediation path analysis.
Setting
Multiple sites within Canada and the United States.
Participants
Treatment‐seeking smokers receiving...
Background and Aims
Despite their high comorbidity, the effects of brief interventions (BI) to reduce cannabis use, alcohol use and anxiety symptoms have received little empirical attention. The aims of this study were to examine whether a therapist‐delivered BI (TBI) or computer‐guided BI (CBI) to address drug use, alcohol consumption (when relevant) and HIV risk behaviors, relative to enhanced...
Aim
To examine whether adding the Community Reinforcement Approach for Seniors (CRA‐S) to Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) increases the probability of treatment success in people aged ≥ 60 years with alcohol use disorder (AUD).
Design
A single blind multi‐centre multi‐national randomized (1 : 1) controlled trial.
Setting
Out‐patient settings (municipal alcohol treatment clinics in Denmark,...
Background and Aims
The effect of snus (Swedish moist snuff) use over time on smoking cessation has not been clearly established. This study aimed to assess whether there is an association between snus use over the life‐span and smoking cessation in Norway.
Design and Setting
Yearly national cross‐sectional surveys (2007–17) among Norwegian adults.
Participants
A total of 5353 ever‐daily smokers...
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